Containers

64 commands across 4 tools

`docker`

Build and tag an image
```
docker build -t myapp:latest .
```
Builds an image from the Dockerfile in the directory and gives it the name and tag.
- images
- build
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Find containers by name
```
docker ps -a --filter "name=name"
```
Lists containers, running or not, whose name contains the given text.
- list
- search
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Follow a container's logs
```
docker logs -f container
```
Prints the container's output and keeps streaming new lines until you press Ctrl+C.
- logs
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Follow the logs of a Compose service
```
docker compose logs -f service
```
Streams the output of the service's containers, each line prefixed with the container name.
- compose
- logs
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Inspect a container
```
docker inspect container
```
Prints the full low-level configuration and state of the container as JSON.
- debug
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List a Compose project's containers
```
docker compose ps
```
Shows the containers of the project with their service, state and published ports.
- compose
- list
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List all containers, including stopped ones
```
docker ps -a
```
Shows every container, including the ones that exited or were never started.
- list
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List containers by status
```
docker ps -a --filter "status=exited"
```
Lists containers in the given state, such as exited, running or paused.
- list
- troubleshooting
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List dangling images
```
docker images -f dangling=true
```
Shows untagged images left over from rebuilds, which only take up disk space.
- images
- cleanup
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List local images
```
docker images
```
Shows downloaded images with their repository, tag, ID, age and size.
- images
- list
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List running containers
```
docker ps
```
Shows running containers with their ID, image, status, published ports and name.
- list
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Open a shell in a Compose service
```
docker compose exec service sh
```
Starts an interactive shell in the running container of the service.
- compose
- shell
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Open a shell in a running container
```
docker exec -it container sh
```
Starts an interactive shell inside the running container without restarting it.
- shell
- debug
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Override the image entrypoint
```
docker run --rm -it --entrypoint sh image
```
Starts the container with another program instead of the image's default entrypoint, which helps debug images.
- run
- debug
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Rebuild and start a Compose project
```
docker compose up -d --build
```
Rebuilds the service images from their Dockerfiles, then starts the containers in the background.
- compose
- build
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Remove a Compose project and its volumes
Destructive
```
docker compose down -v
```
Stops and removes the containers, networks and named volumes, deleting the data stored in those volumes.
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Remove unused Docker data
Destructive
```
docker system prune
```
Deletes stopped containers, unused networks, dangling images and build cache after asking for confirmation.
- disk
- cleanup
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Run a command in a container as another user
```
docker exec -it -u root container sh
```
Runs the command inside the container as the given user, for example root to install a debugging tool.
- shell
- debug
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Run a command in a running container
```
docker exec container command
```
Runs a one-off command inside the running container and prints its output.
- debug
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Run a container in the background
```
docker run -d --name name nginx
```
Starts a named container from the image, detached from the terminal, and prints its ID.
- run
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Run a container with a mounted directory
```
docker run -v $PWD:/data image
```
Shares a host directory with the container, so changes made on either side are visible to both.
- run
- volumes
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Run a container with a published port
```
docker run -d -p 8080:80 nginx
```
Starts the container in the background and forwards the host port to the container port.
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Run a container with an environment variable
```
docker run -e APP_ENV=production image
```
Starts a container with the variable set in its environment.
- run
- config
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Run a throwaway interactive container
```
docker run --rm -it alpine sh
```
Opens a shell in a new container that is deleted as soon as you exit.
- run
- shell
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Show Docker disk usage
```
docker system df
```
Shows how much space images, containers, volumes and build cache take, and how much of it is reclaimable.
- disk
- cleanup
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Show live resource usage of containers
```
docker stats
```
Displays a live view of CPU, memory, network and disk I/O for each running container.
- monitoring
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Show recent logs with timestamps
```
docker logs -t --since 10m container
```
Prints the log lines written since the given duration or date, each prefixed with its timestamp.
- logs
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Show the last lines of a container's logs
```
docker logs --tail 100 container
```
Prints only the most recent lines of output instead of the whole log history.
- logs
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Start a Compose project in the background
```
docker compose up -d
```
Creates and starts every service defined in the compose file of the current directory.
- compose
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Stop a Compose project
Caution
```
docker compose stop
```
Stops the containers of the project without removing them, so they can be started again.
- compose
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Stop and remove a Compose project
Caution
```
docker compose down
```
Stops and removes the containers and networks of the project while keeping its volumes.
- compose
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Use another Compose file and project name
```
docker compose -p project -f compose.prod.yaml up -d
```
Starts the services from the given compose file under a custom project name.
- compose
- config
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`helm`

Add a Helm chart repository
```
helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
```
Registers a chart repository under a local name so that its charts can be installed.
- kubernetes
- charts
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Install a Helm chart
Caution
```
helm install release bitnami/nginx -n default
```
Deploys the chart to the cluster as a new release with the given name.
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List Helm releases
```
helm list -A
```
Lists the releases installed in every namespace with their chart, app version and status.
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Uninstall a Helm release
Destructive
```
helm uninstall release -n namespace
```
Removes every Kubernetes resource created by the release from the cluster.
- kubernetes
- charts
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Update Helm repositories
```
helm repo update
```
Downloads the latest chart index of every added repository.
- kubernetes
- charts
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Upgrade or install a Helm release
Caution
```
helm upgrade --install release chart -f values.yaml
```
Upgrades the release with the chart and values file, or installs it when it does not exist yet.
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`kubectl`

Apply a kustomization
Caution
```
kubectl apply -k .
```
Builds the kustomization in the directory and applies the resulting resources to the cluster.
- kubernetes
- deploy
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Apply a manifest
Caution
```
kubectl apply -f manifest.yaml
```
Creates or updates the resources declared in the manifest so the cluster matches the file.
- kubernetes
- deploy
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Delete a pod
Destructive
```
kubectl delete pod pod -n namespace
```
Deletes the pod, and its controller such as a deployment creates a replacement if one manages it.
- kubernetes
- troubleshooting
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Describe a node
```
kubectl describe node node
```
Shows the node's capacity, allocated resources, conditions and the pods running on it.
- kubernetes
- debug
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Describe a pod
```
kubectl describe pod pod -n default
```
Shows the pod's configuration, container states and recent events such as scheduling or image pull errors.
- kubernetes
- debug
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Follow the logs of a pod
```
kubectl logs -f pod
```
Streams the pod's logs as they are written, until you press Ctrl+C.
- kubernetes
- logs
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Forward a local port to a service
```
kubectl port-forward svc/my-service 8080:80
```
Forwards a local port to the pod or service so that you can reach it from your machine.
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List deployments in a namespace
```
kubectl get deployments -n default
```
Shows the deployments of the namespace with how many replicas are ready, up to date and available.
- kubernetes
- list
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List pods in a namespace
```
kubectl get pods -n default
```
Shows the pods of the namespace with their readiness, status, restart count and age.
- kubernetes
- list
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List pods with their node and IP
```
kubectl get pods -o wide -n default
```
Lists pods with extra columns such as their IP address and the node they run on.
- kubernetes
- list
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List resources in all namespaces
```
kubectl get all -A
```
Lists pods, services, deployments and other common resources across every namespace.
- kubernetes
- list
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List services in a namespace
```
kubectl get services -n default
```
Shows the services of the namespace with their type, cluster IP, external IP and ports.
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Open a shell in a pod
```
kubectl exec -it pod -- sh
```
Opens an interactive shell in the main container of the pod.
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Restart the pods of a deployment
Caution
```
kubectl rollout restart deployment/deployment
```
Replaces the deployment's pods one by one, for example to pick up a changed config map or secret.
- kubernetes
- deploy
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Scale a deployment
Caution
```
kubectl scale deployment/deployment --replicas=3
```
Sets the number of pods the deployment runs, creating or removing pods to match it.
- kubernetes
- deploy
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Show CPU and memory usage of pods
```
kubectl top pods -n default
```
Shows the current CPU and memory usage of each pod, which requires metrics-server in the cluster.
- kubernetes
- monitoring
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Show recent logs of a pod
```
kubectl logs --since=1h pod
```
Prints only the log lines written during the given recent period, such as 10m or 1h.
- kubernetes
- logs
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Show the logs of a crashed container
```
kubectl logs pod --previous
```
Prints the logs of the container's previous run, which shows why it crashed before being restarted.
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Show the logs of a deployment
```
kubectl logs deployment/deployment
```
Prints the logs of one pod picked from the deployment, so you do not need to look up a pod name.
- kubernetes
- logs
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Show the logs of one container in a pod
```
kubectl logs pod -c container
```
Prints the logs of a single container in a pod that runs several containers.
- kubernetes
- logs
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Show the objects of a manifest
```
kubectl get -f manifest.yaml
```
Shows the current state in the cluster of the objects declared in the manifest file.
- kubernetes
- list
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Switch to another cluster
Caution
```
kubectl config use-context context
```
Makes kubectl send its next commands to the cluster and user of the given kubeconfig context.
- kubernetes
- config
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Watch a deployment rollout
```
kubectl rollout status deployment/deployment
```
Waits and reports progress until the latest rollout of the deployment succeeds or fails.
- kubernetes
- deploy
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`podman`

List all Podman containers
```
podman ps -a
```
Shows every Podman container, running or stopped, with its status and image.
- list
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Open a shell in a Podman container
```
podman exec -it container sh
```
Starts an interactive shell inside the running Podman container.
- shell
- debug
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Pull an image with Podman
```
podman pull docker.io/library/alpine
```
Downloads the image from its registry into local Podman storage.
- images
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